The careful evaluation of the rubber compound showed significant benefits through the inclusion of polypropylene glycol, hydroxypropyl starch, and zinc oxide. Previously, challenges concerning manufacturing & performance were addressed by optimizing each additive loading. In particular, polyol acted as a flexibilizer, enhancing cold-weather perform

The careful assessment of the rubber formulation indicated significant improvements through strategic addition of PPG, hydroxypropyl starch, and zinc powder. Previously, challenges regarding processing and physical properties were resolved by fine-tuning each ingredient level. In particular, PPG functioned as a plasticizer, enhancing cold-weather p